Merge b2e621cafc into 06ebdbd0fe

* Switch connect_ex result checks to errno lookups

* Return errno strings, clean up comment

README.md

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ To install from Dockerhub:
 ```
 $ docker pull positronsecurity/ssh-audit
 ```
-(Then run with: `docker run -it -p 2222:2222 positronsecurity/ssh-audit 10.1.1.1`)
+(Then run with: `docker run -it --rm -p 2222:2222 positronsecurity/ssh-audit 10.1.1.1`)
 
 The status of various other platform packages can be found below (via Repology):
 
@@ -213,6 +213,15 @@ For convenience, a web front-end on top of the command-line tool is available at
 
 ## ChangeLog
 
+### v3.3.0-dev (???)
+ - Added built-in policies for Ubuntu 24.04 LTS server and client, and OpenSSH 9.8.
+ - Added IPv6 support for DHEat and connection rate tests.
+ - Added TCP port information to JSON policy scan results; credit [Fabian Malte Kopp](https://github.com/dreizehnutters).
+ - Added LANcom LCOS server recognition and Ed448 key extraction; credit [Daniel Lenski](https://github.com/dlenskiSB).
+ - Fixed crash when running with `-P` and `-T` options simultaneously.
+ - Fixed host key tests from only reporting a key type at most once despite multiple hosts supporting it; credit [Daniel Lenski](https://github.com/dlenskiSB).
+ - Fixed DHEat connection rate testing on MacOS X and BSD platforms; credit [Drew Noel](https://github.com/drewmnoel) and [Michael Osipov](https://github.com/michael-o).
+
 ### v3.2.0 (2024-04-22)
  - Added implementation of the DHEat denial-of-service attack (see `--dheat` option; [CVE-2002-20001](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2002-20001)).
  - Expanded filter of CBC ciphers to flag for the Terrapin vulnerability.  It now includes more rarely found ciphers.

src/ssh_audit/builtin_policies.py

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ BUILTIN_POLICIES: Dict[str, Dict[str, Union[Optional[str], Optional[List[str]],
 
     'Hardened Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (version 5)': {'version': '5', 'changelog': 'Added kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com to kex list.', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'ssh-ed25519'], 'optional_host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': {"rsa-sha2-256": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}, "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}}, 'dh_modulus_sizes': {'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256': 3072}, 'server_policy': True},
 
+    'Hardened Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS (version 1)': {'version': '1', 'changelog': 'Initial version.', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['ssh-ed25519', 'rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256'], 'optional_host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'ext-info-s', 'kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': {"rsa-sha2-256": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}, "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}}, 'dh_modulus_sizes': {'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256': 3072}, 'server_policy': True},
 
     # Generic OpenSSH Server policies
 
@@ -94,6 +95,8 @@ BUILTIN_POLICIES: Dict[str, Dict[str, Union[Optional[str], Optional[List[str]],
 
     'Hardened OpenSSH Server v9.7 (version 1)': {'version': '1', 'changelog': 'Initial version.', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'ssh-ed25519'], 'optional_host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'ext-info-s', 'kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': {"rsa-sha2-256": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}, "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}}, 'dh_modulus_sizes': {'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256': 3072}, 'server_policy': True},
 
+    'Hardened OpenSSH Server v9.8 (version 1)': {'version': '1', 'changelog': 'Initial version.', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'ssh-ed25519'], 'optional_host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'ext-info-s', 'kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': {"rsa-sha2-256": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}, "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}}, 'dh_modulus_sizes': {'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256': 3072}, 'server_policy': True},
+
 
     # Amazon Linux Policies
 
@@ -109,7 +112,6 @@ BUILTIN_POLICIES: Dict[str, Dict[str, Union[Optional[str], Optional[List[str]],
 
     'Hardened Rocky Linux Client 9 (version 1)': {'version': '1', 'changelog': 'Initial version.', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519', 'rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256'], 'optional_host_keys': None, 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'ext-info-c', 'kex-strict-c-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': None, 'dh_modulus_sizes': None, 'server_policy': False},
 
-
     # Ubuntu Client policies
 
     'Hardened Ubuntu Client 16.04 LTS (version 2)': {'version': '2', 'changelog': 'No change log available.', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['ssh-ed25519', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'rsa-sha2-512'], 'optional_host_keys': None, 'kex': ['curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'ext-info-c'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': None, 'dh_modulus_sizes': None, 'server_policy': False},
@@ -120,5 +122,6 @@ BUILTIN_POLICIES: Dict[str, Dict[str, Union[Optional[str], Optional[List[str]],
 
     'Hardened Ubuntu Client 22.04 LTS (version 4)': {'version': '4', 'changelog': 'Added kex-strict-c-v00@openssh.com to kex list.', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519', 'rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256'], 'optional_host_keys': None, 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'ext-info-c', 'kex-strict-c-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': None, 'dh_modulus_sizes': None, 'server_policy': False},
 
+    'Hardened Ubuntu Client 24.04 LTS (version 1)': {'version': '1', 'changelog': 'Initial version.', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519', 'rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256'], 'optional_host_keys': None, 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'ext-info-c', 'kex-strict-c-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': None, 'dh_modulus_sizes': None, 'server_policy': False},
 
 }

src/ssh_audit/dheat.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
    THE SOFTWARE.
 """
+import errno
 import multiprocessing
 import os
 import queue
@@ -160,6 +161,11 @@ class DHEat:
         # The SSH2_Kex object that we recieved from the server in a prior connection.  We'll use it as a template to craft our own kex.
         self.kex = kex
 
+        # Resolve the target to an IP address depending on the user preferences (IPv4 or IPv6).
+        self.debug("Resolving target %s..." % self.target)
+        self.target_address_family, self.target_ip_address = DHEat._resolve_hostname(self.target, aconf.ip_version_preference)
+        self.debug("Resolved %s to %s (address family %u)" % (self.target, self.target_ip_address, self.target_address_family))
+
         # The connection and read timeouts.
         self.connect_timeout = aconf.timeout
         self.read_timeout = aconf.timeout
@@ -324,6 +330,11 @@ class DHEat:
             print("\n%sUnfortunately, this feature is not currently functional under Windows.%s  This should get fixed in a future release.  See: <https://github.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/issues/261>" % (DHEat.YELLOWB, DHEat.CLEAR))
             return ""
 
+        # Resolve the target into an IP address
+        out.d("Resolving target %s..." % aconf.host)
+        target_address_family, target_ip_address = DHEat._resolve_hostname(aconf.host, aconf.ip_version_preference)
+        out.d("Resolved %s to %s (address family %u)" % (aconf.host, target_ip_address, target_address_family))
+
         spinner = ["-", "\\", "|", "/"]
         spinner_index = 0
 
@@ -349,7 +360,7 @@ class DHEat:
                 rate_str = " at a max rate of %s%u%s connections per second" % (DHEat.WHITEB, aconf.conn_rate_test_target_rate, DHEat.CLEAR)
 
             print()
-            print("Performing non-disruptive rate test against %s[%s]:%u%s with %s%u%s concurrent sockets%s.  No Diffie-Hellman requests will be sent." % (DHEat.WHITEB, aconf.host, aconf.port, DHEat.CLEAR, DHEat.WHITEB, concurrent_sockets, DHEat.CLEAR, rate_str))
+            print("Performing non-disruptive rate test against %s[%s]:%u%s with %s%u%s concurrent sockets%s.  No Diffie-Hellman requests will be sent." % (DHEat.WHITEB, target_ip_address, aconf.port, DHEat.CLEAR, DHEat.WHITEB, concurrent_sockets, DHEat.CLEAR, rate_str))
             print()
 
             # Make room for the multi-line output.
@@ -426,16 +437,16 @@ class DHEat:
 
             # Open new sockets until we've hit the number of concurrent sockets, or if we exceeded the number of maximum connections.
             while (len(socket_dict) < concurrent_sockets) and (len(socket_dict) + num_opened_connections < max_connections):
-                s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+                s = socket.socket(target_address_family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
                 s.setblocking(False)
 
                 # out.d("Creating socket (%u of %u already exist)..." % (len(socket_dict), concurrent_sockets), write_now=True)
-                ret = s.connect_ex((aconf.host, aconf.port))
+                ret = s.connect_ex((target_ip_address, aconf.port))
                 num_attempted_connections += 1
-                if ret in [0, 115]:  # Check if connection is successful or EINPROGRESS.
+                if ret in [0, errno.EINPROGRESS]:
                     socket_dict[s] = now
                 else:
-                    out.d("connect_ex() returned: %d" % ret, write_now=True)
+                    out.d("connect_ex() returned: %s (%d)" % (os.strerror(ret), ret), write_now=True)
 
             # out.d("Calling select() on %u sockets..." % len(socket_dict), write_now=True)
             socket_list: List[socket.socket] = [*socket_dict]  # Get a list of sockets from the dictionary.
@@ -743,6 +754,22 @@ class DHEat:
         print()
 
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _resolve_hostname(host: str, ip_version_preference: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+        '''Resolves a hostname to its IPv4 or IPv6 address, depending on user preference.'''
+
+        family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
+        if len(ip_version_preference) == 1:
+            family = socket.AF_INET if ip_version_preference[0] == 4 else socket.AF_INET6
+
+        r = socket.getaddrinfo(host, 0, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        for address_family, socktype, _, _, addr in r:
+            if socktype == socket.SOCK_STREAM:
+                return address_family, addr[0]
+
+        return -1, ''
+
+
     def _run(self) -> bool:
         '''Where all the magic happens.'''
 
@@ -751,7 +778,7 @@ class DHEat:
         if sys.platform == "win32":
             self.output("%sWARNING:%s this feature has not been thoroughly tested on Windows.  It may perform worse than on UNIX OSes." % (self.YELLOWB, self.CLEAR))
 
-        self.output("Running DHEat test against %s[%s]:%u%s with %s%u%s concurrent sockets..." % (self.WHITEB, self.target, self.port, self.CLEAR, self.WHITEB, self.concurrent_connections, self.CLEAR))
+        self.output("Running DHEat test against %s[%s]:%u%s with %s%u%s concurrent sockets..." % (self.WHITEB, self.target_ip_address, self.port, self.CLEAR, self.WHITEB, self.concurrent_connections, self.CLEAR))
 
         # If the user didn't specify an exact kex algorithm to test, check our prioritized list against what the server supports.  Larger p-values (such as group18: 8192-bits) cause the most strain on the server.
         chosen_alg = ""
@@ -894,7 +921,8 @@ class DHEat:
 
         # Copy variables from the object (which might exist in another process?).  This might cut down on inter-process overhead.
         connect_timeout = self.connect_timeout
-        target = self.target
+        target_ip_address = self.target_ip_address
+        target_address_family = self.target_address_family
         port = self.port
 
         # Determine if we are attacking with a GEX.
@@ -945,17 +973,17 @@ class DHEat:
                 num_socket_exceptions = 0
                 num_openssh_throttled_connections = 0
 
-            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            s = socket.socket(target_address_family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
             s.settimeout(connect_timeout)
 
             # Loop until a successful TCP connection is made.
             connected = False
             while not connected:
 
-                # self.debug("Connecting to %s:%d" % (self.target, self.port))
+                # self.debug("Connecting to %s:%d" % (self.target_ip_address, self.port))
                 try:
                     num_attempted_tcp_connections += 1
-                    s.connect((target, port))
+                    s.connect((target_ip_address, port))
                     connected = True
                 except OSError as e:
                     self.debug("Failed to connect: %s" % str(e))

src/ssh_audit/gextest.py

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class GEXTest:
                 # before continuing to issue reconnects.
                 modulus_size_returned, reconnect_failed = GEXTest._send_init(out, s, kex_group, kex, gex_alg, bits_min, bits_pref, bits_max)
                 if reconnect_failed:
-                    out.fail('Reconnect failed.')
+                    out.error('Reconnect failed.')
                     return exitcodes.FAILURE
 
                 if modulus_size_returned > 0:

src/ssh_audit/globals.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 # The version to display.
-VERSION = 'v3.2.0'
+VERSION = 'v3.3.0-dev'
 
 # SSH software to impersonate
 SSH_HEADER = 'SSH-{0}-OpenSSH_8.2'

src/ssh_audit/hostkeytest.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class HostKeyTest:
     # Tracks the RSA host key types.  As of this writing, testing one in this family yields valid results for the rest.
     RSA_FAMILY = ['ssh-rsa', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'rsa-sha2-512']
 
-    # Dict holding the host key types we should extract & parse.  'cert' is True to denote that a host key type handles certificates (thus requires additional parsing).  'variable_key_len' is True for host key types that can have variable sizes (True only for RSA types, as the rest are of fixed-size).  After the host key type is fully parsed, the key 'parsed' is added with a value of True.
+    # Dict holding the host key types we should extract & parse.  'cert' is True to denote that a host key type handles certificates (thus requires additional parsing).  'variable_key_len' is True for host key types that can have variable sizes (True only for RSA types, as the rest are of fixed-size).
     HOST_KEY_TYPES = {
         'ssh-rsa':      {'cert': False, 'variable_key_len': True},
         'rsa-sha2-256': {'cert': False, 'variable_key_len': True},
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ class HostKeyTest:
 
         'ssh-ed25519':                      {'cert': False, 'variable_key_len': False},
         'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com': {'cert': True, 'variable_key_len': False},
+
+        'ssh-ed448':                      {'cert': False, 'variable_key_len': False},
+        # 'ssh-ed448-cert-v01@openssh.com': {'cert': True,  'variable_key_len': False},
     }
 
     TWO2K_MODULUS_WARNING = '2048-bit modulus only provides 112-bits of symmetric strength'
@@ -93,6 +96,7 @@ class HostKeyTest:
     def perform_test(out: 'OutputBuffer', s: 'SSH_Socket', server_kex: 'SSH2_Kex', kex_str: str, kex_group: 'KexDH', host_key_types: Dict[str, Dict[str, bool]]) -> None:
         hostkey_modulus_size = 0
         ca_modulus_size = 0
+        parsed_host_key_types = set()
 
         # If the connection still exists, close it so we can test
         # using a clean slate (otherwise it may exist in a non-testable
@@ -106,7 +110,7 @@ class HostKeyTest:
             key_warn_comments = []
 
             # Skip those already handled (i.e.: those in the RSA family, as testing one tests them all).
-            if 'parsed' in host_key_types[host_key_type] and host_key_types[host_key_type]['parsed']:
+            if host_key_type in parsed_host_key_types:
                 continue
 
             # If this host key type is supported by the server, we test it.
@@ -157,6 +161,7 @@ class HostKeyTest:
                 ca_key_type = kex_group.get_ca_type()
                 ca_modulus_size = kex_group.get_ca_size()
                 out.d("Hostkey type: [%s]; hostkey size: %u; CA type: [%s]; CA modulus size: %u" % (host_key_type, hostkey_modulus_size, ca_key_type, ca_modulus_size), write_now=True)
+                out.d("Raw hostkey bytes (%d): [%s]" % (len(raw_hostkey_bytes), raw_hostkey_bytes.hex()), write_now=True)
 
                 # Record all the host key info.
                 server_kex.set_host_key(host_key_type, raw_hostkey_bytes, hostkey_modulus_size, ca_key_type, ca_modulus_size)
@@ -216,7 +221,7 @@ class HostKeyTest:
                 # If this host key type is in the RSA family, then mark them all as parsed (since results in one are valid for them all).
                 if host_key_type in HostKeyTest.RSA_FAMILY:
                     for rsa_type in HostKeyTest.RSA_FAMILY:
-                        host_key_types[rsa_type]['parsed'] = True
+                        parsed_host_key_types.add(rsa_type)
 
                         # If the current key is a member of the RSA family, then populate all RSA family members with the same
                         # failure and/or warning comments.
@@ -228,7 +233,7 @@ class HostKeyTest:
                         db['key'][rsa_type][2].extend(key_warn_comments)
 
                 else:
-                    host_key_types[host_key_type]['parsed'] = True
+                    parsed_host_key_types.add(host_key_type)
                     db = SSH2_KexDB.get_db()
                     while len(db['key'][host_key_type]) < 3:
                         db['key'][host_key_type].append([])

src/ssh_audit/kexdh.py

@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@ class KexDH:  # pragma: nocover
         if self.__hostkey_type == 'ssh-ed25519':
             self.out.d("%s has a fixed host key modulus of 32." % self.__hostkey_type)
             self.__hostkey_n_len = 32
+        elif self.__hostkey_type == 'ssh-ed448':
+            self.out.d("%s has a fixed host key modulus of 57." % self.__hostkey_type)
+            self.__hostkey_n_len = 57
         else:
             # Here is the modulus size & actual modulus of the host key public key.
             hostkey_n, self.__hostkey_n_len, ptr = KexDH.__get_bytes(hostkey, ptr)

src/ssh_audit/outputbuffer.py

@@ -54,6 +54,14 @@ class OutputBuffer:
         self.__is_color_supported = ('colorama' in sys.modules) or (os.name == 'posix')
         self.line_ended = True
 
+    def error(self, msg, line_ended=True):
+        """
+        Writes an error message to stderr.
+        """
+        end = '' if line_ended else '\n'
+        sys.stderr.write(f'{msg}{end}')
+        sys.stderr.flush()
+        
     def _print(self, level: str, s: str = '', line_ended: bool = True) -> None:
         '''Saves output to buffer (if in buffered mode), or immediately prints to stdout otherwise.'''
 

src/ssh_audit/policy.py

@@ -605,3 +605,29 @@ macs = %s
             dh_modulus_sizes_str = str(self._dh_modulus_sizes)
 
         return "Name: %s\nVersion: %s\nAllow Algorithm Subset and/or Reordering: %r\nBanner: %s\nCompressions: %s\nHost Keys: %s\nOptional Host Keys: %s\nKey Exchanges: %s\nCiphers: %s\nMACs: %s\nHost Key Sizes: %s\nDH Modulus Sizes: %s\nServer Policy: %r" % (name, version, self._allow_algorithm_subset_and_reordering, banner, compressions_str, host_keys_str, optional_host_keys_str, kex_str, ciphers_str, macs_str, hostkey_sizes_str, dh_modulus_sizes_str, self._server_policy)
+
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        '''Called when pickling this object.  The file descriptor isn't serializable, so we'll remove it from the state and include a string representation.'''
+
+        state = self.__dict__.copy()
+
+        if state['_warning_target'] == sys.stdout:
+            state['_warning_target_type'] = 'stdout'
+        else:
+            state['_warning_target_type'] = 'stderr'
+
+        del state['_warning_target']
+        return state
+
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        '''Called when unpickling this object.  Based on the string representation of the file descriptor, we'll restore the right handle.'''
+
+        if state['_warning_target_type'] == 'stdout':
+            state['_warning_target'] = sys.stdout
+        else:
+            state['_warning_target'] = sys.stderr
+
+        del state['_warning_target_type']
+        self.__dict__.update(state)

src/ssh_audit/software.py

@@ -224,4 +224,8 @@ class Software:
         mx = re.match(r'^PuTTY_Release_(.*)', software)
         if mx:
             return cls(None, Product.PuTTY, mx.group(1), None, None)
+        mx = re.match(r'^lancom(.*)', software)
+        if mx:
+            v, p = 'LANcom', 'LCOS sshd'
+            return cls(v, p, mx.group(1), None, None)
         return None

src/ssh_audit/ssh2_kex.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
    The MIT License (MIT)
 
-   Copyright (C) 2017-2020 Joe Testa (jtesta@positronsecurity.com)
+   Copyright (C) 2017-2024 Joe Testa (jtesta@positronsecurity.com)
    Copyright (C) 2017 Andris Raugulis (moo@arthepsy.eu)
 
    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -132,3 +132,16 @@ class SSH2_Kex:
         srv = SSH2_KexParty(srv_enc, srv_mac, srv_compression, srv_languages)
         kex = cls(outputbuffer, cookie, kex_algs, key_algs, cli, srv, follows, unused)
         return kex
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        ret = "----\nSSH2_Kex object:"
+        ret += "\nHost keys: "
+        ret += ", ".join(self.__key_algs)
+        ret += "\nKey exchanges: "
+        ret += ", ".join(self.__kex_algs)
+        ret += "\nClient SSH2_KexParty:"
+        ret += "\n" + str(self.__client)
+        ret += "\nServer SSH2_KexParty:"
+        ret += "\n" + str(self.__server)
+        ret += "\n----"
+        return ret

src/ssh_audit/ssh2_kexparty.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
    The MIT License (MIT)
 
+   Copyright (C) 2024 Joe Testa (jtesta@positronsecurity.com)
    Copyright (C) 2017 Andris Raugulis (moo@arthepsy.eu)
 
    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -48,3 +49,10 @@ class SSH2_KexParty:
     @property
     def languages(self) -> List[str]:
         return self.__languages
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        ret = "Ciphers: " + ", ".join(self.__enc)
+        ret += "\nMACs: " + ", ".join(self.__mac)
+        ret += "\nCompressions: " + ", ".join(self.__compression)
+        ret += "\nLanguages: " + ", ".join(self.__languages)
+        return ret

src/ssh_audit/ssh_audit.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 """
    The MIT License (MIT)
 
-   Copyright (C) 2017-2023 Joe Testa (jtesta@positronsecurity.com)
+   Copyright (C) 2017-2024 Joe Testa (jtesta@positronsecurity.com)
    Copyright (C) 2017 Andris Raugulis (moo@arthepsy.eu)
 
    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def usage(uout: OutputBuffer, err: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
     p = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
     uout.head('# {} {}, https://github.com/jtesta/ssh-audit\n'.format(p, VERSION))
     if err is not None and len(err) > 0:
-        uout.fail(err + '\n')
+        uout.error(err + '\n')
         retval = exitcodes.UNKNOWN_ERROR
     uout.info('usage: {0} [options] <host>\n'.format(p))
     uout.info('   -h,  --help             print this help')
@@ -421,6 +421,8 @@ def output_recommendations(out: OutputBuffer, algs: Algorithms, algorithm_recomm
 
                         fn = level_to_output[level]
 
+                        an = '?'
+                        sg = '?'
                         if action == 'del':
                             an, sg = 'remove', '-'
                             ret = False
@@ -733,7 +735,7 @@ def evaluate_policy(out: OutputBuffer, aconf: AuditConf, banner: Optional['Banne
 
     passed, error_struct, error_str = aconf.policy.evaluate(banner, kex)
     if aconf.json:
-        json_struct = {'host': aconf.host, 'policy': aconf.policy.get_name_and_version(), 'passed': passed, 'errors': error_struct}
+        json_struct = {'host': aconf.host, 'port': aconf.port, 'policy': aconf.policy.get_name_and_version(), 'passed': passed, 'errors': error_struct}
         out.info(json.dumps(json_struct, indent=4 if aconf.json_print_indent else None, sort_keys=True))
     else:
         spacing = ''
@@ -833,7 +835,7 @@ def list_policies(out: OutputBuffer, verbose: bool) -> None:
 
     out.sep()
     if len(server_policy_names) == 0 and len(client_policy_names) == 0:
-        out.fail("Error: no built-in policies found!")
+        out.error("Error: no built-in policies found!")
     else:
         out.info("\nHint: Use -P and provide the full name of a policy to run a policy scan with.\n")
         out.info("Hint: Use -L -v to also see the change log for each policy.\n")
@@ -1049,19 +1051,19 @@ def process_commandline(out: OutputBuffer, args: List[str], usage_cb: Callable[.
             try:
                 aconf.policy = Policy(policy_file=aconf.policy_file, json_output=aconf.json)
             except Exception as e:
-                out.fail("Error while loading policy file: %s: %s" % (str(e), traceback.format_exc()))
+                out.error("Error while loading policy file: %s: %s" % (str(e), traceback.format_exc()))
                 out.write()
                 sys.exit(exitcodes.UNKNOWN_ERROR)
 
         # If the user wants to do a client audit, but provided a server policy, terminate.
         if aconf.client_audit and aconf.policy.is_server_policy():
-            out.fail("Error: client audit selected, but server policy provided.")
+            out.error("Error: client audit selected, but server policy provided.")
             out.write()
             sys.exit(exitcodes.UNKNOWN_ERROR)
 
         # If the user wants to do a server audit, but provided a client policy, terminate.
         if aconf.client_audit is False and aconf.policy.is_server_policy() is False:
-            out.fail("Error: server audit selected, but client policy provided.")
+            out.error("Error: server audit selected, but client policy provided.")
             out.write()
             sys.exit(exitcodes.UNKNOWN_ERROR)
 
@@ -1260,7 +1262,7 @@ def audit(out: OutputBuffer, aconf: AuditConf, sshv: Optional[int] = None, print
         err = s.connect()
 
         if err is not None:
-            out.fail(err)
+            out.error(err)
 
             # If we're running against multiple targets, return a connection error to the calling worker thread.  Otherwise, write the error message to the console and exit.
             if len(aconf.target_list) > 0:
@@ -1308,15 +1310,16 @@ def audit(out: OutputBuffer, aconf: AuditConf, sshv: Optional[int] = None, print
                 err = fmt.format(err_pair[0], err_pair[1], packet_type)
     if err is not None:
         output(out, aconf, banner, header)
-        out.fail(err)
+        out.error(err)
         return exitcodes.CONNECTION_ERROR
     if sshv == 1:
         program_retval = output(out, aconf, banner, header, pkm=SSH1_PublicKeyMessage.parse(payload))
     elif sshv == 2:
         try:
             kex = SSH2_Kex.parse(out, payload)
+            out.d(str(kex))
         except Exception:
-            out.fail("Failed to parse server's kex.  Stack trace:\n%s" % str(traceback.format_exc()))
+            out.error("Failed to parse server's kex.  Stack trace:\n%s" % str(traceback.format_exc()))
             return exitcodes.CONNECTION_ERROR
 
         if aconf.dheat is not None:

src/ssh_audit/ssh_socket.py

@@ -108,7 +108,8 @@ class SSH_Socket(ReadBuf, WriteBuf):
             s.listen()
             self.__sock_map[s.fileno()] = s
         except Exception as e:
-            print("Warning: failed to listen on any IPv4 interfaces: %s" % str(e))
+            self.__outputbuffer.error("Warning: failed to listen on any IPv4 interfaces: %s" % str(e))
+            sys.exit(exitcodes.CONNECTION_ERROR)
 
         try:
             # Socket to listen on all IPv6 addresses.
@@ -119,11 +120,12 @@ class SSH_Socket(ReadBuf, WriteBuf):
             s.listen()
             self.__sock_map[s.fileno()] = s
         except Exception as e:
-            print("Warning: failed to listen on any IPv6 interfaces: %s" % str(e))
+            self.__outputbuffer.error("Warning: failed to listen on any IPv6 interfaces: %s" % str(e))
+            sys.exit(exitcodes.CONNECTION_ERROR)
 
         # If we failed to listen on any interfaces, terminate.
         if len(self.__sock_map.keys()) == 0:
-            print("Error: failed to listen on any IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces!")
+            self.__outputbuffer.error("Error: failed to listen on any IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces!")
             sys.exit(exitcodes.CONNECTION_ERROR)
 
         # Wait for an incoming connection.  If a timeout was explicitly
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ class SSH_Socket(ReadBuf, WriteBuf):
                 break
 
             if self.__timeout_set and time_elapsed >= self.__timeout:
-                print("Timeout elapsed.  Terminating...")
+                self.__outputbuffer.error("Timeout elapsed.  Terminating...")
                 sys.exit(exitcodes.CONNECTION_ERROR)
 
         # Accept the connection.
@@ -275,7 +277,7 @@ class SSH_Socket(ReadBuf, WriteBuf):
                 payload_length = packet_length - padding_length - 1
                 check_size = 4 + 1 + payload_length + padding_length
             if check_size % self.__block_size != 0:
-                self.__outputbuffer.fail('[exception] invalid ssh packet (block size)').write()
+                self.__outputbuffer.error('[exception] invalid ssh packet (block size)').write()
                 sys.exit(exitcodes.CONNECTION_ERROR)
             self.ensure_read(payload_length)
             if sshv == 1:
@@ -290,7 +292,7 @@ class SSH_Socket(ReadBuf, WriteBuf):
             if sshv == 1:
                 rcrc = SSH1.crc32(padding + payload)
                 if crc != rcrc:
-                    self.__outputbuffer.fail('[exception] packet checksum CRC32 mismatch.').write()
+                    self.__outputbuffer.error('[exception] packet checksum CRC32 mismatch.').write()
                     sys.exit(exitcodes.CONNECTION_ERROR)
             else:
                 self.ensure_read(padding_length)

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_5.6p1_custom_policy_test1.json

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
     "errors": [],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": true,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test1 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test1 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_5.6p1_custom_policy_test10.json

@@ -27,5 +27,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Docker poliicy: test10 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker poliicy: test10 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_5.6p1_custom_policy_test2.json

@@ -19,5 +19,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test2 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test2 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_5.6p1_custom_policy_test3.json

@@ -18,5 +18,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test3 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test3 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_5.6p1_custom_policy_test4.json

@@ -28,5 +28,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test4 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test4 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_5.6p1_custom_policy_test5.json

@@ -27,5 +27,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test5 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test5 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_5.6p1_custom_policy_test7.json

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
     "errors": [],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": true,
-    "policy": "Docker poliicy: test7 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker poliicy: test7 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_5.6p1_custom_policy_test8.json

@@ -15,5 +15,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Docker poliicy: test8 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker poliicy: test8 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_5.6p1_custom_policy_test9.json

@@ -15,5 +15,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Docker poliicy: test9 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker poliicy: test9 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_builtin_policy_test1.json

@@ -39,5 +39,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 4)"
+    "policy": "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 4)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_builtin_policy_test2.json

@@ -62,5 +62,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 4)"
+    "policy": "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 4)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_custom_policy_test11.json

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
     "errors": [],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": true,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test11 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test11 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_custom_policy_test12.json

@@ -39,5 +39,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test12 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test12 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_custom_policy_test13.json

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
     "errors": [],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": true,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test13 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test13 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_custom_policy_test14.json

@@ -15,5 +15,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test14 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test14 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_custom_policy_test15.json

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
     "errors": [],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": true,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test15 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test15 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_custom_policy_test16.json

@@ -82,5 +82,6 @@
     ],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test16 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test16 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_custom_policy_test17.json

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
     "errors": [],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": true,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test17 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test17 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }

test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_custom_policy_test6.json

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
     "errors": [],
     "host": "localhost",
     "passed": true,
-    "policy": "Docker policy: test6 (version 1)"
+    "policy": "Docker policy: test6 (version 1)",
+    "port": 2222
 }