2015-11-29 10:30:52 +01:00
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<!-- Creator : groff version 1.22.3 -->
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2016-08-02 16:39:39 +02:00
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<!-- CreationDate: Wed Jul 13 12:34:01 2016 -->
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2015-11-29 10:30:52 +01:00
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<title>VLMCSD</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 align="center">VLMCSD</h1>
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<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
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<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
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<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
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<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
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<a href="#SIGNALS">SIGNALS</a><br>
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<a href="#SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS">SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS</a><br>
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<a href="#SUPPORTED PRODUCTS">SUPPORTED PRODUCTS</a><br>
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<a href="#FILES">FILES</a><br>
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<a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a><br>
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<a href="#BUGS">BUGS</a><br>
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<a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a><br>
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<a href="#CREDITS">CREDITS</a><br>
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<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
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<hr>
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<h2>NAME
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<a name="NAME"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">vlmcsd −
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a fully Microsoft compatible KMS server</p>
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<h2>SYNOPSIS
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<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>vlmcsd</b> [
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<i>options</i> ]</p>
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<h2>DESCRIPTION
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<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>vlmcsd</b>
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is a fully Microsoft compatible KMS server that provides
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product activation services to clients. It is meant as a
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drop-in replacement for a Microsoft KMS server (Windows
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computer with KMS key entered). It currently supports KMS
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protocol versions 4, 5 and 6.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>vlmcsd</b>
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is designed to run on POSIX compatible operating systens. It
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only requires a basic C library with a BSD-style sockets API
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and either <b>fork</b>(2) or <b>pthreads</b>(7). That allows
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it to run on most embedded systems like routers, NASes,
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mobile phones, tablets, TVs, settop boxes, etc. Some efforts
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have been made that it also runs on Windows.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Although
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<b>vlmcsd</b> does neither require an activation key nor a
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payment to anyone, it is not meant to run illegal copies of
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Windows. Its purpose is to ensure that owners of legal
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copies can use their software without restrictions, e.g. if
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you buy a new computer or motherboard and your key will be
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refused activation from Microsoft servers due to hardware
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changes.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>vlmcsd</b>
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may be started via an internet superserver like
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<b>inetd</b>(8) or <b>xinetd</b>(8) as well as an advanced
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init system like <b>systemd</b>(8) or <b>launchd</b>(8)
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using socket based activation. If <b>vlmcsd</b> detects that
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<b>stdin</b>(3) is a socket, it assumes that there is
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already a connected client on stdin that wants to be
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activated. All options that control setting up listening
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sockets will be ignored when in inetd mode.</p>
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<h2>OPTIONS
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<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Since vlmcsd
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can be configured at compile time, some options may not be
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available on your system.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">All options
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that do no require an argument may be combined with a single
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dash, for instance "vlmcsd -D -e" is identical to
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"vlmcsd -De". For all options that require an
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argument a space between the option and the option argument
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is optional. Thus "vlmcsd -r 2" and "vlmcsd
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-r2" are identical too. <b><br>
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-h</b> or <b>-?</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Displays help.</p>
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2016-06-06 04:36:00 +02:00
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<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
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cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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<tr valign="top" align="left">
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<td width="11%"></td>
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<td width="3%">
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<p><b>-V</b></p></td>
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<td width="8%"></td>
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<td width="78%">
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<p>Displays extended version information. This includes the
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compiler used to build vlmcsd, the intended platform and
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flags (compile time options) to build vlmcsd. If you have
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the source code of vlmcsd, you can type <b>make help</b> (or
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<b>gmake help</b> on systems that do not use the GNU version
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of <b>make</b>(1) by default) to see the meaning of those
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flags.</p> </td></tr>
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</table>
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2015-11-29 10:30:52 +01:00
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-L</b>
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<i>ipaddress</i>[:<i>port</i>]</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Instructs vlmcsd to listen on
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<i>ipaddress</i> with optional <i>port</i> (default 1688).
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You can use this option more than once. If you do not
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specify <b>-L</b> at least once, IP addresses 0.0.0.0 (IPv4)
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and :: (IPv6) are used. If the IP address contains colons
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(IPv6) you must enclose the IP address in brackets if you
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specify the optional port, e.g.
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[2001:db8::dead:beef]:1688.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If no port is
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specified, vlmcsd uses the default port according to a
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preceding <b>-P</b> option. If you specify a port, it can be
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a number (1-65535) or a name (usually found in /etc/services
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if not provided via LDAP, NIS+ or another name service).</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If you specify
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a link local IPv6 address (fe80::/10, usually starting with
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fe80::), it must be followed by a percent sign (%) and a
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scope id (=network interface name or number) on most unixoid
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OSses including Linux, Android, MacOS X and iOS, e.g.
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fe80::1234:56ff:fe78:9abc<b>%eth0</b> or
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[fe80::1234:56ff:fe78:9abc<b>%2</b>]:1688. Windows
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(including cygwin) does not require a scope id unless the
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same link local address is used on more than one network
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interface. Windows does not accept a name and the scope id
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must be a number.</p>
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2016-08-02 16:39:39 +02:00
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-o</b> <i>level</i></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Sets the <i>level</i> of
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protection against activations from public IP addresses. The
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default is <b>-o0</b> for no protection.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><b>-o1</b>
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causes vlmcsd not to listen on all IP addresses but on
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private IP addresses only. IPv4 addresses in the
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100.64.0.0/10 range (see RFC6598) are not treated as private
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since they can be reached from other users of your ISP.
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Private IPv4 addresses are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12,
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192.168.0.0/16, 169.254.0.0/16 and 127.0.0.0/8. vlmcsd
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treats all IPv6 addresses not within 2000::/3 as private
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addresses.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If <b>-o1</b>
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is combined with <b>-L</b>, it will listen on all private IP
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addresses plus the ones specified by one or more <b>-L</b>
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statements. If <b>-o1</b> is combined with <b>-P</b>, only
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the last <b>-P</b> statement will be used.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Using
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<b>-o1</b> does not protect you if you enable NAT port
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forwarding on your router to your vlmcsd machine. It is
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identical to using multiple -L statements with all of your
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private IP addresses. What <b>-o1</b> does for you, is
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automatically enumerating your private IP addresses.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><b>-o2</b> does
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not affect the interfaces, vlmcsd is listening on. When a
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clients connects, vlmcsd immediately drops the connection if
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the client has a public IP address. Unlike <b>-o1</b>
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clients will be able to establish a TCP connection but it
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will be closed without a single byte sent over the
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connection. This protects against clients with public IP
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addresses even if NAT port forwarding is used. While
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<b>-o2</b> offers a higher level of protection than
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<b>-o1</b>, the client sees that the KMS TCP port (1688 by
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default) is actually accepting connections.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><b>-o3</b>
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combines <b>-o1</b> and <b>-o2</b>. vlmcsd listens on
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private interfaces only and if a public client manages to
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connect anyway due to NAT port forwarding, it will be
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immediately dropped.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If you use any
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form of TCP level port forwarding (e.g. <b>nc</b>(1),
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<b>netcat</b>(1), <b>ssh</b>(1) port forwarding or similar)
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to redirect KMS requests to vlmcsd, there will be no
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protection even if you use <b>-o2</b> or <b>-o3</b>. This is
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due to the simple fact that vlmcsd sees the IP address of
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the redirector and not the IP address of the client.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><b>-o1</b> (and
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thus <b>-o3</b>) is not (yet) available in some
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scenarios:</p>
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<p style="margin-left:29%; margin-top: 1em">FreeBSD: There
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is a longtime unfixed
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<a href="https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=178881">bug</a>
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in the 32-bit ABI of the 64-bit kernel. If you have a 64-bit
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FreeBSD kernel, you must run the 64-bit version of vlmcsd if
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you use <b>-o1</b> or <b>-o3</b>. The 32-bit version causes
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undefined behavior up to crashing vlmcsd. Other BSDs
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(NetBSD, OpenBSD, Dragonfly and Mac OS X) work
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correctly.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:29%; margin-top: 1em">If vlmcsd was
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started by an internet superserver or was compiled to use
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Microsoft RPC (Windows only) or simple sockets, <b>-o1</b>
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and <b>-o3</b> are not available by design.</p>
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2015-11-29 10:30:52 +01:00
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-P</b> <i>port</i></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use TCP <i>port</i> for all
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subsequent <b>-L</b> statements that do not include an
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optional port. If you use <b>-P</b> and <b>-L</b>, <b>-P</b>
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must be specified before <b>-L</b>.</p>
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2016-06-06 04:36:00 +02:00
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-F0</b> and <b>-F1</b></p>
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2016-06-06 04:36:00 +02:00
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Allow (<b>-F1</b>) or disallow
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(<b>-F0</b>) binding to IP addresses that are currently not
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configured on your system. The default is <b>-F0</b>.
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<b>-F1</b> allows you to bind to an IP address that may be
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configured after you started <b>vlmcsd</b>. <b>vlmcsd</b>
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will listen on that address as soon as it becomes available.
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This feature is only available under Linux (IPv4 and IPv6)
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and FreeBSD (IPv4 only). FreeBSD allows this feature only
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for the root user (more correctly: processes that have the
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PRIV_NETINET_BINDANY privilege). Linux does not require a
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capability for this.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-t</b> <i>seconds</i></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Timeout the TCP connection with
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the client after <i>seconds</i> seconds. After sending an
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activation request. RPC keeps the TCP connection for a
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while. The default is 30 seconds. You may specify a shorter
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period to free ressources on your device faster. This is
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useful for devices with limited main memory or if you used
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<b>-m</b> to limit the concurrent clients that may request
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activation. Microsoft RPC clients disconnect after 30
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seconds by default. Setting <i>seconds</i> to a greater
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value does not make much sense.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-m</b>
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<i>concurrent-clients</i></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Limit the number of clients
|
|
|
|
|
that will be handled concurrently. This is useful for
|
|
|
|
|
devices with limited ressources or if you are experiencing
|
|
|
|
|
DoS attacks that spawn thousands of threads or forked
|
|
|
|
|
processes. If additional clients connect to vlmcsd, they
|
|
|
|
|
need to wait until another client disconnects. If you set
|
|
|
|
|
<i>concurrent-clients</i> to a small value ( <10 ), you
|
|
|
|
|
should also select a reasonable timeout of 2 or 3 seconds
|
|
|
|
|
with <b>-t</b>. The default is no limit.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
|
|
|
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><b>-d</b></p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="78%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Disconnect each client after processing one activation
|
|
|
|
|
request. This is a direct violation of DCE RPC but may help
|
|
|
|
|
if you receive malicous fake RPC requests that block your
|
|
|
|
|
threads or forked processes. Some other KMS emulators (e.g.
|
|
|
|
|
py-kms) behave this way.</p></td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><b>-k</b></p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="78%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Do not disconnect clients after processing an activation
|
|
|
|
|
request. This selects the default behavior. <b>-k</b> is
|
|
|
|
|
useful only if you used an ini file (see
|
|
|
|
|
<b>vlmcsd.ini</b>(5) and <b>-i</b>). If the ini file
|
|
|
|
|
contains the line "DisconnectClientsImmediately =
|
|
|
|
|
true", you can use this switch to restore the default
|
|
|
|
|
behavior.</p> </td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-N0</b> and <b>-N1</b></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Disables (<b>-N0</b>) or
|
|
|
|
|
enables (<b>-N1</b>) the use of the NDR64 transfer syntax in
|
|
|
|
|
the RPC protocol. Unlike Microsoft vlmcsd supports NDR64 on
|
|
|
|
|
32-bit operating systems. Microsoft introduced NDR64 in
|
|
|
|
|
Windows Vista but their KMS servers started using it with
|
|
|
|
|
Windows 8. Thus if you choose random ePIDs, vlmcsd will
|
|
|
|
|
select ePIDs with build numbers 9200 and 9600 if you enable
|
|
|
|
|
NDR64 and build numbers 6002 and 7601 if you disable NDR64.
|
|
|
|
|
The default is to enable NDR64.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-B0</b> and <b>-B1</b></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Disables (<b>-B0</b>) or
|
|
|
|
|
enables (<b>-B1</b>) bind time feature negotiation (BTFN) in
|
|
|
|
|
the RPC protocol. All Windows operating systems starting
|
|
|
|
|
with Vista support BTFN and try to negotiate it when
|
|
|
|
|
initiating an RPC connection. Thus consider turning it off
|
|
|
|
|
as a debug / troubleshooting feature only. Some older
|
|
|
|
|
firewalls that selectively block or redirect RPC traffic may
|
|
|
|
|
get confused when they detect NDR64 or BTFN.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-l</b> <i>filename</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use <i>filename</i> as a log
|
|
|
|
|
file. The log file records all activations with IP address,
|
|
|
|
|
Windows workstation name (no reverse DNS lookup), activated
|
|
|
|
|
product, KMS protocol, time and date. If you do not specify
|
|
|
|
|
a log file, no log is created. For a live view of the log
|
|
|
|
|
file type tail -f <i>file</i>.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If you use the
|
|
|
|
|
special <i>filename</i> "syslog", vlmcsd uses
|
|
|
|
|
<b>syslog</b>(3) for logging. If your system has no syslog
|
|
|
|
|
service (/dev/log) installed, logging output will go to
|
|
|
|
|
/dev/console. Syslog logging is not available in the native
|
|
|
|
|
Windows version. The Cygwin version does support syslog
|
|
|
|
|
logging.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-08-02 16:39:39 +02:00
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-T0</b> and <b>-T1</b></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Disable (<b>-T0</b>) or enable
|
|
|
|
|
(<b>-T1</b>) the inclusion of date and time in each line of
|
|
|
|
|
the log. The default is <b>-T1</b>. <b>-T0</b> is useful if
|
|
|
|
|
you log to <b>stdout</b>(3) which is redirected to another
|
|
|
|
|
logging mechanism that already includes date and time in its
|
|
|
|
|
output, for instance <b>systemd-journald</b>(8). If you log
|
|
|
|
|
to <b>syslog</b>(3), <b>-T1</b> is ignored and date and time
|
|
|
|
|
will never be included in the output sent to
|
|
|
|
|
<b>syslog</b>(3).</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015-11-29 10:30:52 +01:00
|
|
|
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
|
|
|
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><b>-D</b></p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="78%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Normally vlmcsd daemonizes and runs in background
|
|
|
|
|
(except the native Windows version). If <b>-D</b> is
|
|
|
|
|
specified, vlmcsd does not daemonize and runs in foreground.
|
|
|
|
|
This is useful for testing and allows you to simply press
|
|
|
|
|
<Ctrl-C> to exit vlmcsd.</p></td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">The native
|
|
|
|
|
Windows version never daemonizes and always behaves as if
|
|
|
|
|
<b>-D</b> had been specified. You may want to install vlmcsd
|
|
|
|
|
as a service instead. See <b>-s</b>.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
|
|
|
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>-e</b></p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="78%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-top: 1em">If specified, vlmcsd ignores
|
|
|
|
|
<b>-l</b> and writes all logging output to <b>stdout</b>(3).
|
|
|
|
|
This is mainly useful for testing and debugging and often
|
|
|
|
|
combined with <b>-D</b>.</p></td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><b>-v</b></p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="78%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Use verbose logging. Logs every parameter of the base
|
|
|
|
|
request and the base response. It also logs the HWID of the
|
|
|
|
|
KMS server if KMS protocol version 6 is used. This option is
|
|
|
|
|
mainly for debugging purposes. It only has an effect if some
|
|
|
|
|
form of logging is used. Thus <b>-v</b> does not make sense
|
|
|
|
|
if not used with <b>-l</b>, <b>-e</b> or <b>-f</b>.</p></td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><b>-q</b></p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="78%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Do not use verbose logging. This is actually the default
|
|
|
|
|
behavior. It only makes sense if you use vlmcsd with an ini
|
|
|
|
|
file (see <b>-i</b> and <b>vlmcsd.ini</b>(5)). If the ini
|
|
|
|
|
file contains the line "LogVerbose = true" you can
|
|
|
|
|
use <b>-q</b> to restore the default behavior.</p></td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-p</b> <i>filename</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Create pid file
|
|
|
|
|
<i>filename</i>. This has nothing to do with KMS ePIDs. A
|
|
|
|
|
pid file is a file where vlmcsd writes its own process id.
|
|
|
|
|
This is used by standard init scripts (typically found in
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/init.d). The default is not to write a pid file.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-u</b> <i>user</i> and
|
|
|
|
|
<b>-g</b> <i>group</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Causes vlmcsd to run in the
|
|
|
|
|
specified <i>user</i> and <i>group</i> security context. The
|
|
|
|
|
main purpose for this is to drop root privileges after it
|
|
|
|
|
has been started from the root account. To use this feature
|
|
|
|
|
from cygwin you must run cyglsa-config and the account from
|
|
|
|
|
which vlmcsd is started must have the rights "Act as
|
|
|
|
|
part of the operating system" and "Replace a
|
|
|
|
|
process level token". The native Windows version does
|
|
|
|
|
not support these options.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">The actual
|
|
|
|
|
security context switch is performed after the TCP sockets
|
|
|
|
|
have been created. This allows you to use privileged ports
|
|
|
|
|
(< 1024) when you start vlmcsd from the root account.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">However if you
|
|
|
|
|
use an ini, pid or log file, you must ensure that the
|
|
|
|
|
unprivileged user has access to these files. You can always
|
|
|
|
|
log to <b>syslog</b>(3) from an unprivileged account on most
|
|
|
|
|
platforms (see <b>-l</b>).</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-w</b> <i>ePID</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use <i>ePID</i> as Windows
|
|
|
|
|
ePID. If specified, <b>-r</b> is disregarded for
|
|
|
|
|
Windows.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-0</b> <i>ePID</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use <i>ePID</i> as Office 2010
|
|
|
|
|
ePID (including Project and Visio). If specified, <b>-r</b>
|
|
|
|
|
is disregarded for Office 2010.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-3</b> <i>ePID</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-04-11 06:49:47 +02:00
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use <i>ePID</i> as Office
|
|
|
|
|
2013/2016 ePID (including Project and Visio). If specified,
|
|
|
|
|
<b>-r</b> is disregarded for Office 2013/2016.</p>
|
2015-11-29 10:30:52 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-H</b> <i>HwId</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use <i>HwId</i> for all
|
|
|
|
|
products. All HWIDs in the ini file (see <b>-i</b>) will not
|
|
|
|
|
be used. In an ini file you can specify a seperate HWID for
|
|
|
|
|
each <i>application-guid</i>. This is not possible when
|
|
|
|
|
entering a HWID from the command line.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><i>HwId</i>
|
|
|
|
|
must be specified as 16 hex digits that are interpreted as a
|
|
|
|
|
series of 8 bytes (big endian). Any character that is not a
|
|
|
|
|
hex digit will be ignored. This is for better readability.
|
|
|
|
|
The following commands are identical:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">vlmcsd -H
|
|
|
|
|
0123456789ABCDEF <br>
|
|
|
|
|
vlmcsd -H 01:23:45:67:89:ab:cd:ef <br>
|
|
|
|
|
vlmcsd -H "01 23 45 67 89 AB CD EF"</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-i</b> <i>filename</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Use configuration file (aka ini
|
|
|
|
|
file) <i>filename</i>. Most configuration parameters can be
|
|
|
|
|
set either via the command line or an ini file. The command
|
|
|
|
|
line always has precedence over configuration items in the
|
|
|
|
|
ini file. See <b>vlmcsd.ini</b>(5) for the format of the
|
|
|
|
|
configuration file.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If vlmcsd has
|
|
|
|
|
been compiled to use a default configuration file (often
|
|
|
|
|
/etc/vlmcsd.ini), you may use <b>-i-</b> to ignore the
|
|
|
|
|
default configuration file.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-r0</b>, <b>-r1</b>
|
|
|
|
|
(default) and <b>-r2</b></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">These options determine how
|
|
|
|
|
ePIDs are generated if</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">- you did not
|
|
|
|
|
sprecify an ePID in the command line and <br>
|
|
|
|
|
- you haven’t used <b>-i</b> or <br>
|
|
|
|
|
- the file specified by <b>-i</b> cannot be opened or <br>
|
|
|
|
|
- the file specified by <b>-i</b> does not contain the
|
|
|
|
|
<i>application-guid</i> for the KMS request</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><b>-r0</b>
|
|
|
|
|
means there are no random ePIDs. vlmcsd simply issues
|
|
|
|
|
default ePIDs that are built into the binary at compile
|
|
|
|
|
time. <b>Pro:</b> behaves like real KMS server that also
|
|
|
|
|
always issues the same ePID. <b>Con</b>: Microsoft may start
|
|
|
|
|
blacklisting again and the default ePID may not work any
|
|
|
|
|
longer.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><b>-r1</b>
|
|
|
|
|
instructs vlmcsd to generate random ePIDs when the program
|
|
|
|
|
starts or receives a SIGHUP signal and uses these ePIDs
|
|
|
|
|
until it is stopped or receives another SIGHUP. Most other
|
|
|
|
|
KMS emulators generate a new ePID on every KMS request. This
|
|
|
|
|
is easily detectable. Microsoft could just modify sppsvc.exe
|
|
|
|
|
in a way that it always sends two identical KMS requests in
|
|
|
|
|
two RPC requests but over the same TCP connection. If both
|
|
|
|
|
KMS responses contain the different ePIDs, the KMS server is
|
|
|
|
|
not genuine. <b>-r1</b> is the default mode. <b>-r1</b> also
|
|
|
|
|
ensures that all three ePIDs (Windows, Office 2010 and
|
|
|
|
|
Office 2013) use the same OS build number and LCID (language
|
|
|
|
|
id).</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If vlmcsd has
|
|
|
|
|
been started by an internet superserver, <b>-r1</b> works
|
|
|
|
|
identically to <b>-r2</b>. This is simply due to the fact
|
|
|
|
|
that vlmcsd is started upon a connection request and does
|
|
|
|
|
not stay in memory after servicing a KMS request.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><b>-r2</b>
|
|
|
|
|
behaves like most other KMS server emulators with random
|
|
|
|
|
support and generates a new random ePID on every request.
|
|
|
|
|
Use this mode with "care". However since Microsoft
|
|
|
|
|
currently does not seem to do any verification of the ePID,
|
|
|
|
|
you currently don’t need to pay attention to ePIDs at
|
|
|
|
|
all.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-C</b> <i>LCID</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Do not randomize the locale id
|
|
|
|
|
part of the ePID and use <i>LCID</i> instead. The
|
|
|
|
|
<i>LCID</i> must be specified as a decimal number, e.g. 1049
|
|
|
|
|
for "Russian - Russia". This option has no effect
|
|
|
|
|
if the ePID is not randomized at all, e.g. if it is selected
|
|
|
|
|
from the command line or an ini file.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">By default
|
|
|
|
|
vlmcsd generates a valid locale id that is recognized by
|
|
|
|
|
.NET Framework 4.0. This may lead to a locale id which is
|
|
|
|
|
unlikely to occur in your country, for instance 2155 for
|
|
|
|
|
"Quecha - Ecuador". You may want to select the
|
|
|
|
|
locale id of your country instead. See
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964664.aspx">MSDN</a>
|
|
|
|
|
for a list of valid <i>LCID</i>s. Please note that some of
|
|
|
|
|
them are not recognized by .NET Framework 4.0.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Most other KMS
|
|
|
|
|
emulators use a fixed <i>LCID</i> of 1033 (English - US). To
|
|
|
|
|
achive the same behavior in vlmcsd use <b>-C 1033</b>.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-R</b>
|
|
|
|
|
<i>renewal-interval</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Instructs clients to renew
|
|
|
|
|
activation every <i>renewal-interval</i>. The
|
|
|
|
|
<i>renewal-interval</i> is a number optionally immediately
|
|
|
|
|
followed by a letter indicating the unit. Valid unit letters
|
|
|
|
|
are s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), d (days) and w
|
|
|
|
|
(weeks). If you do not specify a letter, minutes is
|
|
|
|
|
assumed.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em"><b>-R3d</b> for
|
|
|
|
|
instance instructs clients to renew activation every 3 days.
|
|
|
|
|
The default <i>renewal-interval</i> is 10080 (identical to
|
|
|
|
|
7d and 1w).</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Due to poor
|
|
|
|
|
implementation of Microsofts KMS Client it cannot be
|
|
|
|
|
guaranteed that activation is renewed on time as specfied by
|
|
|
|
|
the -R option. Don’t care about that. Renewal will
|
|
|
|
|
happen well before your activation expires (usually 180
|
|
|
|
|
days).</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Even though you
|
|
|
|
|
can specify seconds, the granularity of this option is 1
|
|
|
|
|
minute. Seconds are rounded down to the next multiple of
|
|
|
|
|
60.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-A</b>
|
|
|
|
|
<i>activation-interval</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Instructs clients to retry
|
|
|
|
|
activation every <i>activation-interval</i> if it was
|
|
|
|
|
unsuccessful, e.g. because it could not reach the server.
|
|
|
|
|
The default is 120 (identical to 2h).
|
|
|
|
|
<i>activation-interval</i> follows the same syntax as
|
|
|
|
|
<i>renewal-interval</i> in the <b>-R</b> option.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
|
|
|
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><b>-s</b></p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="78%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Installs vlmcsd as a Windows service. This option only
|
|
|
|
|
works with the native Windows version and Cygwin. Combine
|
|
|
|
|
<b>-s</b> with other command line options. These will be in
|
|
|
|
|
effect when you start the service. The service automatically
|
|
|
|
|
starts when you reboot your machine. To start it manually,
|
|
|
|
|
type "net start vlmcsd".</p></td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If you use
|
|
|
|
|
Cygwin, you must include your Cygwin system DLL directory
|
|
|
|
|
(usually C:\Cygwin\bin or C:\Cygwin64\bin) into the PATH
|
|
|
|
|
environment variable or the service will not start.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">You can
|
|
|
|
|
reinstall the service anytime using vlmcsd -s again, e.g.
|
|
|
|
|
with a different command line. If the service is running, it
|
|
|
|
|
will be restarted with the new command line.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">When using
|
|
|
|
|
<b>-s</b> the command line is checked for basic syntax
|
|
|
|
|
errors only. For example "vlmcsd -s -L 1.2.3.4"
|
|
|
|
|
reports no error but the service will not start if 1.2.3.4
|
|
|
|
|
is not an IP address on your system.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
|
|
|
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>-S</b></p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="8%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="78%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-top: 1em">Uninstalls the vlmcsd service.
|
|
|
|
|
Works only with the native Windows version and Cygwin. All
|
|
|
|
|
other options will be ignored if you include -S in the
|
|
|
|
|
command line.</p></td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-U</b>
|
|
|
|
|
[<i>domain</i>\]<i>username</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Can only be used together with
|
|
|
|
|
<b>-s</b>. Starts the service as a different user than the
|
|
|
|
|
local SYSTEM account. This is used to run the service under
|
|
|
|
|
an account with low privileges. If you omit the domain, an
|
|
|
|
|
account from the local computer will be used.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">You may use
|
|
|
|
|
"NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService". This is a pseudo
|
|
|
|
|
user with low privileges. You may also use "NT
|
|
|
|
|
AUTHORITY\LocalService" which has more privileges but
|
|
|
|
|
these are of no use for running vlmcsd.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">Make sure that
|
|
|
|
|
the user you specify has at least execute permission for
|
|
|
|
|
your executable. "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService"
|
|
|
|
|
normally has no permission to run binaries from your home
|
|
|
|
|
directory.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">For your
|
|
|
|
|
convenience you can use the special username "/l"
|
|
|
|
|
as a shortcut for "NT AUTHORITY\LocalService" and
|
|
|
|
|
"/n" for "NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService".
|
|
|
|
|
"vlmcsd −s −U /n"
|
|
|
|
|
installs the service to run as "NT
|
|
|
|
|
AUTHORITY\NetworkService".</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>-W</b> <i>password</i></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Can only be used together with
|
|
|
|
|
<b>-s</b>. Specifies a <i>password</i> for the corresponding
|
|
|
|
|
username you use with -U. SYSTEM, "NT
|
|
|
|
|
AUTHORITY\NetworkService", "NT
|
|
|
|
|
AUTHORITY\LocalService" do not require a password.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If you specify
|
|
|
|
|
a user with even lower privileges than "NT
|
|
|
|
|
AUTHORITY\NetworkService", you must specify its
|
|
|
|
|
password. You also have to grant the "Log on as a
|
|
|
|
|
service" right to that user.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>SIGNALS
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="SIGNALS"></a>
|
|
|
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The following
|
|
|
|
|
signals differ from the default behavior: <b><br>
|
|
|
|
|
SIGTERM</b>, <b>SIGINT</b></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%;">These signals cause vlmcsd to
|
|
|
|
|
exit gracefully. All global semaphores and shared memory
|
|
|
|
|
pages will be released, the pid file will be unlinked
|
|
|
|
|
(deleted) and a shutdown message will be logged.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
|
|
|
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="11%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="9%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><b>SIGHUP</b></p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="2%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="78%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Causes vlmcsd to be restarted completely. This is useful
|
|
|
|
|
if you started vlmcsd with an ini file. You can modify the
|
|
|
|
|
ini file while vlmcsd is running and then sending
|
|
|
|
|
<b>SIGHUP</b>, e.g. by typing "killall -SIGHUP
|
|
|
|
|
vlmcsd" or "kill -SIGHUP ’cat
|
|
|
|
|
/var/run/vlmcsd.pid’".</p> </td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">The SIGHUP
|
|
|
|
|
handler has been implemented relatively simple. It is
|
|
|
|
|
virtually the same as stopping vlmcsd and starting it again
|
|
|
|
|
immediately with the following exceptions:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
|
|
|
|
|
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="1%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-top: 1em">—</p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="74%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-top: 1em">The new process does not get a
|
|
|
|
|
new process id.</p></td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="1%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>—</p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="74%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>If you used a pid file, it is not deleted and recreated
|
|
|
|
|
because the process id stays the same.</p></td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr valign="top" align="left">
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="22%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="1%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>—</p></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="3%"></td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td width="74%">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>If you used the ’user’ and/or
|
|
|
|
|
’group’ directive in an ini file these are
|
|
|
|
|
ignored. This is because once you switched to lower
|
|
|
|
|
privileged users and groups, there is no way back. Anything
|
|
|
|
|
else would be a severe security flaw in the OS.</p></td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Signaling is
|
|
|
|
|
not available in the native Windows version and in the
|
|
|
|
|
Cygwin version when it runs as Windows service.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEMS"></a>
|
|
|
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>vlmcsd</b>
|
|
|
|
|
compiles and runs on Linux, Windows (no Cygwin required but
|
|
|
|
|
explicitly supported), Mac OS X, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD,
|
2016-04-11 06:49:47 +02:00
|
|
|
Dragonfly BSD, Minix, Solaris, OpenIndiana, Android and iOS.
|
|
|
|
|
Other POSIX or unixoid OSses may work with unmodified
|
|
|
|
|
sources or may require minor porting efforts.</p>
|
2015-11-29 10:30:52 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>SUPPORTED PRODUCTS
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="SUPPORTED PRODUCTS"></a>
|
|
|
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>vlmcsd</b>
|
|
|
|
|
can answer activation requests for the following products:
|
|
|
|
|
Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows
|
|
|
|
|
10, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows
|
|
|
|
|
Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2, Office 2010, Project
|
2016-04-11 06:49:47 +02:00
|
|
|
2010, Visio 2010, Office 2013, Project 2013, Visio 2013,
|
|
|
|
|
Office 2016, Project 2016, Visio 2016.</p>
|
2015-11-29 10:30:52 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Office, Project
|
|
|
|
|
and Visio must be volume license versions.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>FILES
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="FILES"></a>
|
|
|
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>vlmcsd.ini</b>(5)</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>EXAMPLES
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="EXAMPLES"></a>
|
|
|
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>vlmcsd
|
2016-08-02 16:39:39 +02:00
|
|
|
-De</b></p>
|
2015-11-29 10:30:52 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Starts <b>vlmcsd</b> in
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foreground. Useful if you use it for the first time and want
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to see what’s happening when a client requests
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activation.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>vlmcsd -l
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/var/log/vlmcsd.log</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Starts <b>vlmcsd</b> as a
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daemon and logs everything to /var/log/vlmcsd.log.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>vlmcsd -L
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192.168.1.17</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Starts <b>vlmcsd</b> as a
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daemon and listens on IP address 192.168.1.17 only. This is
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useful for routers that have a public and a private IP
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address to prevent your KMS server from becoming public.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>vlmcsd -s -U /n -l
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C:\logs\vlmcsd.log</b></p>
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<p style="margin-left:22%;">Installs <b>vlmcsd</b> as a
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Windows service with low privileges and logs everything to
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C:\logs\vlmcsd.log when the service is started with
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"net start vlmcsd".</p>
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<h2>BUGS
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<a name="BUGS"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">An ePID
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specified in an ini file must not contain spaces.</p>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The maximum
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number of <b>-L</b> options in the command line or listen
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statements in the inifile is the platform default for
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<i>FD_SETSIZE</i>. This is 64 on Windows and 1024 on most
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Unixes.</p>
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<h2>AUTHOR
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<a name="AUTHOR"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Written by
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crony12, Hotbird64 and vityan666. With contributions from
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DougQaid.</p>
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<h2>CREDITS
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<a name="CREDITS"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Thanks to
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CODYQX4, deagles, eIcn, mikmik38, nosferati87, qad,
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Ratiborus, ...</p>
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<h2>SEE ALSO
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<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
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</h2>
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<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>vlmcsd.ini</b>(5),
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<b>vlmcsd</b>(7), <b>vlmcs</b>(1), <b>vlmcsdmulti</b>(1)</p>
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<hr>
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</body>
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</html>
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