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134 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
134 lines
8.0 KiB
Markdown
Fido: A PowerShell download script for Windows ISOs and UEFI Shell
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==================================================================
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[](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html)
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[](https://github.com/pbatard/Fido/releases)
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Description
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-----------
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Fido is a PowerShell script that is primarily designed to be used in [Rufus](https://github.com/pbatard/rufus), but that
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can also be used in standalone fashion, and whose purpose is to automate access to the official Microsoft Windows retail
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ISO download links as well as provide convenient access to bootable UEFI Shell images.
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This script exists because, while Microsoft does make retail ISO download links freely and publicly available (at least
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for Windows 8 and Windows 10), it only does so after actively forcing users to jump through a lot of unwarranted hoops,
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that create an exceedingly counterproductive, if not downright unfriendly, consumer experience and that greatly detract
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from what people really want (direct access to ISO downloads).
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As to the reason one might want to download Windows __retail__ ISOs, as opposed to the ISOs that are generated by
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Microsoft's own Media Creation Tool (MCT), this is because using official retail ISOs is currently the only way to
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assert with absolute certainty that the OS content has not been altered. Indeed, because there only exists a single
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master for each of them, Microsoft retail ISOs are the only ones you can obtain an official SHA-1 for (from MSDN, if you
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have access to it, or from sites [such as this one](https://msdn.rg-adguard.net/public.php)) allowing you to be 100%
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sure that the image you are using has not been corrupted and is safe to use.
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This, in turn, offers assurance that the content __YOU__ are using to install your OS, which it is indeed critical to
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validate beforehand if you have the slightest concern about security, does match, bit for bit, the one that Microsoft
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released.
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On the other hand, regardless of the manner in which Microsoft's Media Creation Tool produces its content, because no
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two MCT ISOs are ever the same (due to MCT always regenerating the ISO content on the fly) it is currently impossible to
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validate with absolute certainty whether any ISO that was generated by the MCT is safe to use. Especially, unlike what
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is the case for retail ISOs, it is impossible to tell whether an MCT ISO may have been corrupted after generation.
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Hence the need to provide users with a much easier and less restrictive way to access official retail ISOs...
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License
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-------
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[GNU General Public License version 3.0](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0) or later.
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How it works
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------------
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The script basically performs the same operation as one might perform when visiting either of the following URLs (that
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is, provided that you have also changed your `User-Agent` browser string, since, when they detect that you are using a
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version of Windows that is the same as the one you are trying to download, the Microsoft web servers at these addresses
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redirect you __away__ from the pages that allow you to download retail ISOs):
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* https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/Windows8ISO
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* https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/Windows10ISO
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After checking access to these URLs, to confirm that they are accessible, the script first queries the web API from the
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Microsoft servers, to request the language selection available for the version of Windows selected, and then requests
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the actual download links for all the architectures available for that language + version.
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Requirements
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------------
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PowerShell 3.0 or later is required. However the script should detect if you are using an older version and point you to
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the relevant PowerShell 3.0 download page if needed (which should only ever occur if you are running a vanilla version
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of Windows 7).
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Note that the current version of the script does not need Internet Explorer to be installed and should also work with
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PowerShell 7.
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Commandline mode
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----------------
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Fido supports commandline mode whereas, whenever one of the following options is provided, a GUI is not instantiated
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and you can instead generate the ISO download from within a PowerShell console or script.
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The options are:
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- `Win`: Specify Windows version (e.g. _"Windows 10"_). Abbreviated version should work as well (e.g `-Win 10`) as long
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as it is unique enough. If this option isn't specified, the most recent version of Windows is automatically selected.
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You can obtain a list of supported versions by specifying `-Win List`.
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- `Rel`: Specify Windows release (e.g. _"21H1"_). If this option isn't specified, the most recent release for the chosen
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version of Windows is automatically selected. You can also use `-Rel Latest` to force the most recent to be used.
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You can obtain a list of supported versions by specifying `-Rel List`.
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- `Ed`: Specify Windows edition (e.g. _"Pro/Home"_). Abbreviated editions should work as well (e.g `-Ed Pro`) as long
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as it is unique enough. If this option isn't specified, the most recent version of Windows is automatically selected.
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You can obtain a list of supported versions by specifying `-Ed List`.
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- `Lang`: Specify Windows language (e.g. _"Arabic"_). Abbreviated or part of a language (e.g. `-Lang Int` for
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`English International`) should work as long as it's unique enough. If this option isn't specified, the script attempts
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to select the same language as the system locale.
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You can obtain a list of supported languages by specifying `-Lang List`.
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- `Arch`: Specify Windows architecture (e.g. _"x64"_). If this option isn't specified, the script attempts to use the same
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architecture as the one from the current system.
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- `GetUrl`: By default, the script attempts to automatically launch the download. But when using the `-GetUrl` switch,
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the script only displays the download URL, which can then be piped into another command or into a file.
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Examples of a commandline download:
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```
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PS C:\Projects\Fido> .\Fido.ps1 -Win 10
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No release specified (-Rel). Defaulting to '21H1 (Build 19043.985 - 2021.05)'.
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No edition specified (-Ed). Defaulting to 'Windows 10 Home/Pro'.
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No language specified (-Lang). Defaulting to 'English International'.
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No architecture specified (-Arch). Defaulting to 'x64'.
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Selected: Windows 10 21H1 (Build 19043.985 - 2021.05), Home/Pro, English International, x64
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Downloading 'Win10_21H1_EnglishInternational_x64.iso' (5.0 GB)...
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PS C:\Projects\Fido> .\Fido.ps1 -Win 10 -Rel List
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Please select a Windows Release (-Rel) for Windows 10 (or use 'Latest' for most recent):
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- 21H1 (Build 19043.985 - 2021.05)
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- 20H2 (Build 19042.631 - 2020.12)
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- 20H2 (Build 19042.508 - 2020.10)
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- 20H1 (Build 19041.264 - 2020.05)
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- 19H2 (Build 18363.418 - 2019.11)
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- 19H1 (Build 18362.356 - 2019.09)
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- 19H1 (Build 18362.30 - 2019.05)
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- 1809 R2 (Build 17763.107 - 2018.10)
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- 1809 R1 (Build 17763.1 - 2018.09)
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- 1803 (Build 17134.1 - 2018.04)
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- 1709 (Build 16299.15 - 2017.09)
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- 1703 [Redstone 2] (Build 15063.0 - 2017.03)
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- 1607 [Redstone 1] (Build 14393.0 - 2016.07)
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- 1511 R3 [Threshold 2] (Build 10586.164 - 2016.04)
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- 1511 R2 [Threshold 2] (Build 10586.104 - 2016.02)
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- 1511 R1 [Threshold 2] (Build 10586.0 - 2015.11)
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- 1507 [Threshold 1] (Build 10240.16384 - 2015.07)
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PS C:\Projects\Fido> .\Fido.ps1 -Win 10 -Rel 20H2 -Ed Edu -Lang Fre -Arch x86 -GetUrl
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https://software-download.microsoft.com/db/Win10_Edu_20H2_v2_French_x32.iso?t=c48b32d3-4cf3-46f3-a8ad-6dd9568ff4eb&e=1629113408&h=659cdd60399584c5dc1d267957924fbd
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```
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Additional Notes
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----------------
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Because of its intended usage with Rufus, this script is not designed to cover every possible retail ISO downloads.
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Instead we mostly chose the ones that the general public is likely to request. For instance, we currently have no plan
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to add support for LTSB/LTSC Windows 10 ISOs downloads.
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If you are interested in such downloads, then you are kindly invited to visit the relevant download pages from Microsoft
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such as [this one](https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-10-enterprise) for LTSC versions.
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