Added note that when a target is properly configured against the Terrapin vulnerability that unpatched peers may still create vulnerable connections. Updated Ubuntu Server & Client 20.04 & 22.04 policies to include new key exchange markers related to Terrapin counter-measures.

2024-12-22 05:55:22 +01:00 · 2023-12-19 14:03:28 -05:00 · 2023-12-19 14:03:28 -05:00 · c259a83782
commit c259a83782
parent 8e972c5e94
16 changed files with 183 additions and 56 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -179,12 +179,13 @@ For convenience, a web front-end on top of the command-line tool is available at
 ## ChangeLog

 ### v3.1.0-dev (???)
+ - Added test for the Terrapin message prefix truncation vulnerability ([CVE-2023-48795](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-48795)).
+ - Dropped support for Python 3.7 (EOL was reached in June 2023).
 - Added Python 3.12 to Tox tests.
 - In server policies, reduced expected DH modulus sizes from 4096 to 3072 to match online hardening guides (note that 3072-bit moduli provide the equivalent of 128-bit symmetric security).
 - In Ubuntu 22.04 client policy, moved host key types `sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com` and `ssh-ed25519` to the end of all certificate types.
+ - Updated Ubuntu Server & Client policies for 20.04 and 22.04 to account for key exchange list changes due to Terrapin vulnerability patches.
 - Re-organized option host key types for OpenSSH 9.2 server policy to correspond with updated Debian 12 hardening guide.
- - Dropped support for Python 3.7 (EOL was reached in June 2023).
- - Added test for the Terrapin message prefix truncation vulnerability ([CVE-2023-48795](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-48795)).

 ### v3.0.0 (2023-09-07)
 - Results from concurrent scans against multiple hosts are no longer improperly combined; bug discovered by [Adam Russell](https://github.com/thecliguy).
--- a/docker_test.sh
+++ b/docker_test.sh
@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ run_openssh_test "5.6p1" "test5" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_FAILURE}"
 echo
 run_openssh_test "8.0p1" "test1" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_FAILURE}"
 run_openssh_test "8.0p1" "test2" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_FAILURE}"
-run_openssh_test "8.0p1" "test3" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_GOOD}"
+run_openssh_test "8.0p1" "test3" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_WARNING}"
 echo
 run_dropbear_test "2019.78" "test1" "-r /etc/dropbear/dropbear_rsa_host_key_1024 -r /etc/dropbear/dropbear_dss_host_key -r /etc/dropbear/dropbear_ecdsa_host_key" 3
 echo
@ -785,10 +785,10 @@ run_custom_policy_test "config2" "test13" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_GOOD}"
 run_custom_policy_test "config2" "test14" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_FAILURE}"

 # Failing test for built-in OpenSSH 8.0p1 server policy (RSA host key size is 3072 instead of 4096).
-run_builtin_policy_test "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 3)" "8.0p1" "test1" "-o HostKeyAlgorithms=rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-ed25519 -o KexAlgorithms=curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 -o Ciphers=chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr -o MACs=hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_FAILURE}"
+run_builtin_policy_test "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 4)" "8.0p1" "test1" "-o HostKeyAlgorithms=rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-ed25519 -o KexAlgorithms=curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 -o Ciphers=chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr -o MACs=hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_FAILURE}"

 # Failing test for built-in OpenSSH 8.0p1 server policy (MACs not hardened).
-run_builtin_policy_test "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 3)" "8.0p1" "test2" "-o HostKeyAlgorithms=rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-ed25519 -o KexAlgorithms=curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 -o Ciphers=chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_FAILURE}"
+run_builtin_policy_test "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 4)" "8.0p1" "test2" "-o HostKeyAlgorithms=rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-ed25519 -o KexAlgorithms=curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 -o Ciphers=chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr" "${PROGRAM_RETVAL_FAILURE}"


 if [[ $num_failures == 0 ]]; then
--- a/src/ssh_audit/policy.py
+++ b/src/ssh_audit/policy.py
@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ class Policy:

        'Hardened Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS (version 4)': {'version': '4', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['ssh-ed25519'], 'optional_host_keys': ['ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'kex': ['curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': {"rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "ssh-ed25519": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}}, 'dh_modulus_sizes': {'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256': 3072}, 'server_policy': True},

-        'Hardened Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS (version 4)': {'version': '4', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'ssh-ed25519'], 'optional_host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'kex': ['curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': {"rsa-sha2-256": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}, "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}}, 'dh_modulus_sizes': {'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256': 3072}, 'server_policy': True},
+        'Hardened Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS (version 5)': {'version': '5', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'ssh-ed25519'], 'optional_host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'kex': ['curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': {"rsa-sha2-256": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}, "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}}, 'dh_modulus_sizes': {'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256': 3072}, 'server_policy': True},

-        'Hardened Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (version 4)': {'version': '4', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'ssh-ed25519'], 'optional_host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': {"rsa-sha2-256": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}, "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}}, 'dh_modulus_sizes': {'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256': 3072}, 'server_policy': True},
+        'Hardened Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (version 5)': {'version': '5', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'ssh-ed25519'], 'optional_host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': {"rsa-sha2-256": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512": {"hostkey_size": 4096}, "rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 4096, "ca_key_type": "ssh-rsa", "hostkey_size": 4096}, "sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}, "sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519": {"hostkey_size": 256}, "ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com": {"ca_key_size": 256, "ca_key_type": "ssh-ed25519", "hostkey_size": 256}}, 'dh_modulus_sizes': {'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256': 3072}, 'server_policy': True},


        # Generic OpenSSH Server policies
@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ class Policy:

        'Hardened Ubuntu Client 18.04 LTS (version 2)': {'version': '2', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['ssh-ed25519', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'rsa-sha2-512'], 'optional_host_keys': None, 'kex': ['curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'ext-info-c'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': None, 'dh_modulus_sizes': None, 'server_policy': False},

-        'Hardened Ubuntu Client 20.04 LTS (version 2)': {'version': '2', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['ssh-ed25519', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'optional_host_keys': None, 'kex': ['curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'ext-info-c'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': None, 'dh_modulus_sizes': None, 'server_policy': False},
+        'Hardened Ubuntu Client 20.04 LTS (version 3)': {'version': '3', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['ssh-ed25519', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com'], 'optional_host_keys': None, 'kex': ['curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'ext-info-c', 'kex-strict-c-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': None, 'dh_modulus_sizes': None, 'server_policy': False},

-        'Hardened Ubuntu Client 22.04 LTS (version 3)': {'version': '3', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519', 'rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256'], 'optional_host_keys': None, 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'ext-info-c'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': None, 'dh_modulus_sizes': None, 'server_policy': False},
+        'Hardened Ubuntu Client 22.04 LTS (version 4)': {'version': '4', 'banner': None, 'compressions': None, 'host_keys': ['sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com', 'sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com', 'ssh-ed25519', 'rsa-sha2-512', 'rsa-sha2-256'], 'optional_host_keys': None, 'kex': ['sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com', 'curve25519-sha256', 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org', 'diffie-hellman-group16-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group18-sha512', 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', 'ext-info-c', 'kex-strict-c-v00@openssh.com'], 'ciphers': ['chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', 'aes256-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes128-ctr'], 'macs': ['hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com', 'hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com', 'umac-128-etm@openssh.com'], 'hostkey_sizes': None, 'dh_modulus_sizes': None, 'server_policy': False},

    }

--- a/src/ssh_audit/ssh_audit.py
+++ b/src/ssh_audit/ssh_audit.py
@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ def output_recommendations(out: OutputBuffer, algs: Algorithms, algorithm_recomm


 # Output additional information & notes.
-def output_info(out: OutputBuffer, software: Optional['Software'], client_audit: bool, any_problems: bool, is_json_output: bool) -> None:
+def output_info(out: OutputBuffer, software: Optional['Software'], client_audit: bool, any_problems: bool, is_json_output: bool, additional_notes: str) -> None:
    with out:
        # Tell user that PuTTY cannot be hardened at the protocol-level.
        if client_audit and (software is not None) and (software.product == Product.PuTTY):
@ -441,17 +441,66 @@ def output_info(out: OutputBuffer, software: Optional['Software'], client_audit:
        if any_problems:
            out.warn('(nfo) For hardening guides on common OSes, please see: <https://www.ssh-audit.com/hardening_guides.html>')

+        # Add any additional notes.
+        if len(additional_notes) > 0:
+            out.warn("(nfo) %s" % additional_notes)
+
    if not out.is_section_empty() and not is_json_output:
        out.head('# additional info')
        out.flush_section()
        out.sep()


-def post_process_findings(banner: Optional[Banner], algs: Algorithms, client_audit: bool) -> List[str]:
+def post_process_findings(banner: Optional[Banner], algs: Algorithms, client_audit: bool) -> Tuple[List[str], str]:
    '''Perform post-processing on scan results before reporting them to the user.  Returns a list of algorithms that should not be recommended'''

+    def _add_terrapin_warning(db: Dict[str, Dict[str, List[List[Optional[str]]]]], category: str, algorithm_name: str) -> None:
+        '''Adds a warning regarding the Terrapin vulnerability for the specified algorithm.'''
+        # Ensure that a slot for warnings exists for this algorithm.
+        while len(db[category][algorithm_name]) < 3:
+            db[category][algorithm_name].append([])
+
+        db[category][algorithm_name][2].append("vulnerable to the Terrapin attack (CVE-2023-48795), allowing message prefix truncation")
+
+    def _get_chacha_ciphers_enabled(algs: Algorithms) -> List[str]:
+        '''Returns a list of chacha20-poly1305 ciphers that the peer supports.'''
+        ret = []
+
+        if algs.ssh2kex is not None:
+            ciphers_supported = algs.ssh2kex.client.encryption if client_audit else algs.ssh2kex.server.encryption
+            for cipher in ciphers_supported:
+                if cipher.startswith("chacha20-poly1305"):
+                    ret.append(cipher)
+
+        return ret
+
+    def _get_cbc_ciphers_enabled(algs: Algorithms) -> List[str]:
+        '''Returns a list of CBC ciphers that the peer supports.'''
+        ret = []
+
+        if algs.ssh2kex is not None:
+            ciphers_supported = algs.ssh2kex.client.encryption if client_audit else algs.ssh2kex.server.encryption
+            for cipher in ciphers_supported:
+                if cipher.endswith("-cbc"):
+                    ret.append(cipher)
+
+        return ret
+
+    def _get_etm_macs_enabled(algs: Algorithms) -> List[str]:
+        '''Returns a list of ETM MACs that the peer supports.'''
+        ret = []
+
+        if algs.ssh2kex is not None:
+            macs_supported = algs.ssh2kex.client.mac if client_audit else algs.ssh2kex.server.mac
+            for mac in macs_supported:
+                if mac.endswith("-etm@openssh.com"):
+                    ret.append(mac)
+
+        return ret
+

    algorithm_recommendation_suppress_list = []
+    algs_to_note = []

    # If the server is OpenSSH, and the diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256 key exchange was found with modulus size 2048, add a note regarding the bug that causes the server to support 2048-bit moduli no matter the configuration.
    if (algs.ssh2kex is not None and 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256' in algs.ssh2kex.kex_algorithms and 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256' in algs.ssh2kex.dh_modulus_sizes() and algs.ssh2kex.dh_modulus_sizes()['diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256'] == 2048) and (banner is not None and banner.software is not None and banner.software.find('OpenSSH') != -1):
@ -467,45 +516,46 @@ def post_process_findings(banner: Optional[Banner], algs: Algorithms, client_aud
        algorithm_recommendation_suppress_list.append('diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256')

    # Check for the Terrapin vulnerability (CVE-2023-48795), and mark the vulnerable algorithms.
+    kex_strict_marker = False
    if algs.ssh2kex is not None and \
-       ((client_audit and 'kex-strict-c-v00@openssh.com' not in algs.ssh2kex.kex_algorithms) or (not client_audit and 'kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com' not in algs.ssh2kex.kex_algorithms)):  # Strict KEX marker is not present.
+       ((client_audit and 'kex-strict-c-v00@openssh.com' in algs.ssh2kex.kex_algorithms) or (not client_audit and 'kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com' in algs.ssh2kex.kex_algorithms)):  # Strict KEX marker is present.
+        kex_strict_marker = True

-        def add_terrapin_warning(db: Dict[str, Dict[str, List[List[Optional[str]]]]], category: str, algorithm_name: str) -> None:
-            while len(db[category][algorithm_name]) < 3:
-                db[category][algorithm_name].append([])
+    db = SSH2_KexDB.get_db()

-            db[category][algorithm_name][2].append("vulnerable to the Terrapin attack (CVE-2023-48795), allowing message prefix truncation")
+    # Without the strict KEX marker, the chacha20-poly1305 ciphers are always vulnerable.
+    for chacha_cipher in _get_chacha_ciphers_enabled(algs):
+        if kex_strict_marker:
+            # Inform the user that the target is correctly configured, but another peer may still choose this algorithm without using strict KEX negotiation, which would still result in vulnerability.
+            algs_to_note.append(chacha_cipher)
+        else:
+            _add_terrapin_warning(db, "enc", chacha_cipher)

-        db = SSH2_KexDB.get_db()
+    cbc_ciphers_enabled = _get_cbc_ciphers_enabled(algs)
+    etm_macs_enabled = _get_etm_macs_enabled(algs)

-        # Without the strict KEX marker, these algorithms are always vulnerable.
-        add_terrapin_warning(db, "enc", "chacha20-poly1305")
-        add_terrapin_warning(db, "enc", "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com")
+    # Without the strict KEX marker, if at least one CBC cipher and at least one ETM MAC is supported, mark them all as vulnerable.
+    if len(cbc_ciphers_enabled) > 0 and len(etm_macs_enabled) > 0:
+        for cipher in cbc_ciphers_enabled:
+            if kex_strict_marker:
+                # Inform the user that the target is correctly configured, but another peer may still choose this algorithm without using strict KEX negotiation, which would still result in vulnerability.
+                algs_to_note.append(cipher)
+            else:
+                _add_terrapin_warning(db, "enc", cipher)

-        cbc_ciphers = []
-        etm_macs = []
+        for mac in etm_macs_enabled:
+            if kex_strict_marker:
+                # Inform the user that the target is correctly configured, but another peer may still choose this algorithm without using strict KEX negotiation, which would still result in vulnerability.
+                algs_to_note.append(mac)
+            else:
+                _add_terrapin_warning(db, "mac", mac)

-        # Find the list of CBC ciphers the peer supports.
-        ciphers_supported = algs.ssh2kex.client.encryption if client_audit else algs.ssh2kex.server.encryption
-        for cipher in ciphers_supported:
-            if cipher.endswith("-cbc"):
-                cbc_ciphers.append(cipher)
+    # Return a note telling the user that, while this target is properly configured, if connected to a vulnerable peer, then a vulnerable connection is still possible.
+    notes = ""
+    if len(algs_to_note) > 0:
+        notes = "Be aware that, while this target properly supports the strict key exchange method (via the kex-strict-?-v00@openssh.com marker) needed to protect against the Terrapin vulnerability (CVE-2023-48795), all peers must also support this feature as well, otherwise the vulnerability will still be present.  The following algorithms would allow an unpatched peer to create vulnerable SSH channels with this target: %s" % ", ".join(algs_to_note)

-        # Find the list of ETM MACs the peer supports.
-        macs_supported = algs.ssh2kex.client.mac if client_audit else algs.ssh2kex.server.mac
-        for mac in macs_supported:
-            if mac.endswith("-etm@openssh.com"):
-                etm_macs.append(mac)
-
-        # If at least one CBC cipher and at least one ETM MAC is supported, mark them all as vulnerable.
-        if len(cbc_ciphers) > 0 and len(etm_macs) > 0:
-            for cipher in cbc_ciphers:
-                add_terrapin_warning(db, "enc", cipher)
-
-            for mac in etm_macs:
-                add_terrapin_warning(db, "mac", mac)
-
-    return algorithm_recommendation_suppress_list
+    return algorithm_recommendation_suppress_list, notes


 # Returns a exitcodes.* flag to denote if any failures or warnings were encountered.
@ -517,7 +567,7 @@ def output(out: OutputBuffer, aconf: AuditConf, banner: Optional[Banner], header
    algs = Algorithms(pkm, kex)

    # Perform post-processing on the findings to make final adjustments before outputting the results.
-    algorithm_recommendation_suppress_list = post_process_findings(banner, algs, client_audit)
+    algorithm_recommendation_suppress_list, additional_notes = post_process_findings(banner, algs, client_audit)

    with out:
        if print_target:
@ -597,7 +647,7 @@ def output(out: OutputBuffer, aconf: AuditConf, banner: Optional[Banner], header

    output_fingerprints(out, algs, aconf.json)
    perfect_config = output_recommendations(out, algs, algorithm_recommendation_suppress_list, software, aconf.json, maxlen)
-    output_info(out, software, client_audit, not perfect_config, aconf.json)
+    output_info(out, software, client_audit, not perfect_config, aconf.json, additional_notes)

    if aconf.json:
        out.reset()
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_builtin_policy_test1.json
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_builtin_policy_test1.json
@ -23,9 +23,21 @@
                "4096"
            ],
            "mismatched_field": "Host key (rsa-sha2-512) sizes"
+        },
+        {
+            "actual": [
+                "4096"
+            ],
+            "expected_optional": [
+                ""
+            ],
+            "expected_required": [
+                "3072"
+            ],
+            "mismatched_field": "Group exchange (diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256) modulus sizes"
        }
    ],
    "host": "localhost",
    "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 3)"
+    "policy": "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 4)"
 }
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_builtin_policy_test1.txt
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_builtin_policy_test1.txt
@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 Host:   localhost:2222
-Policy: Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 3)
+Policy: Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 4)
 Result: [0;31m❌ Failed![0m
 [0;33m
 Errors:
+  * Group exchange (diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256) modulus sizes did not match.
+    - Expected: 3072
+    - Actual:   4096
+
  * Host key (rsa-sha2-256) sizes did not match.
    - Expected: 4096
    - Actual:   3072
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_builtin_policy_test2.json
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_builtin_policy_test2.json
@ -46,9 +46,21 @@
                "umac-128-etm@openssh.com"
            ],
            "mismatched_field": "MACs"
+        },
+        {
+            "actual": [
+                "4096"
+            ],
+            "expected_optional": [
+                ""
+            ],
+            "expected_required": [
+                "3072"
+            ],
+            "mismatched_field": "Group exchange (diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256) modulus sizes"
        }
    ],
    "host": "localhost",
    "passed": false,
-    "policy": "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 3)"
+    "policy": "Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 4)"
 }
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_builtin_policy_test2.txt
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_builtin_policy_test2.txt
@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 Host:   localhost:2222
-Policy: Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 3)
+Policy: Hardened OpenSSH Server v8.0 (version 4)
 Result: [0;31m❌ Failed![0m
 [0;33m
 Errors:
+  * Group exchange (diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256) modulus sizes did not match.
+    - Expected: 3072
+    - Actual:   4096
+
  * Host key (rsa-sha2-256) sizes did not match.
    - Expected: 4096
    - Actual:   3072
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test1.json
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test1.json
@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
                "info": [
                    "default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9",
                    "available since OpenSSH 6.5"
+                ],
+                "warn": [
+                    "vulnerable to the Terrapin attack (CVE-2023-48795), allowing message prefix truncation"
                ]
            }
        },
@ -415,6 +418,12 @@
        },
        "warning": {
            "del": {
+                "enc": [
+                    {
+                        "name": "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com",
+                        "notes": ""
+                    }
+                ],
                "kex": [
                    {
                        "name": "diffie-hellman-group14-sha256",
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test1.txt
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test1.txt
@ -43,8 +43,9 @@
 [0;32m(key) ssh-ed25519                           -- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5[0m

 [0;36m# encryption algorithms (ciphers)[0m
-[0;32m(enc) chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com         -- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5[0m
-[0;32m                                            `- [info] default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9[0m
+[0;33m(enc) chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com         -- [warn] vulnerable to the Terrapin attack (CVE-2023-48795), allowing message prefix truncation[0m
+                                            `- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5
+                                            `- [info] default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9
 [0;32m(enc) aes128-ctr                            -- [info] available since OpenSSH 3.7, Dropbear SSH 0.52[0m
 [0;32m(enc) aes192-ctr                            -- [info] available since OpenSSH 3.7[0m
 [0;32m(enc) aes256-ctr                            -- [info] available since OpenSSH 3.7, Dropbear SSH 0.52[0m
@ -85,6 +86,7 @@
 [0;31m(rec) -hmac-sha1                            -- mac algorithm to remove [0m
 [0;31m(rec) -hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com            -- mac algorithm to remove [0m
 [0;31m(rec) -ssh-rsa                              -- key algorithm to remove [0m
+[0;33m(rec) -chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com        -- enc algorithm to remove [0m
 [0;33m(rec) -diffie-hellman-group14-sha256        -- kex algorithm to remove [0m
 [0;33m(rec) -hmac-sha2-256                        -- mac algorithm to remove [0m
 [0;33m(rec) -hmac-sha2-512                        -- mac algorithm to remove [0m
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test2.json
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test2.json
@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
                "info": [
                    "default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9",
                    "available since OpenSSH 6.5"
+                ],
+                "warn": [
+                    "vulnerable to the Terrapin attack (CVE-2023-48795), allowing message prefix truncation"
                ]
            }
        },
@ -374,6 +377,12 @@
        },
        "warning": {
            "del": {
+                "enc": [
+                    {
+                        "name": "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com",
+                        "notes": ""
+                    }
+                ],
                "kex": [
                    {
                        "name": "diffie-hellman-group14-sha256",
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test2.txt
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test2.txt
@ -36,8 +36,9 @@
 [0;32m(key) ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com (256-bit cert/256-bit ssh-ed25519 CA) -- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5[0m

 [0;36m# encryption algorithms (ciphers)[0m
-[0;32m(enc) chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com         -- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5[0m
-[0;32m                                            `- [info] default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9[0m
+[0;33m(enc) chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com         -- [warn] vulnerable to the Terrapin attack (CVE-2023-48795), allowing message prefix truncation[0m
+                                            `- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5
+                                            `- [info] default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9
 [0;32m(enc) aes128-ctr                            -- [info] available since OpenSSH 3.7, Dropbear SSH 0.52[0m
 [0;32m(enc) aes192-ctr                            -- [info] available since OpenSSH 3.7[0m
 [0;32m(enc) aes256-ctr                            -- [info] available since OpenSSH 3.7, Dropbear SSH 0.52[0m
@ -77,6 +78,7 @@
 [0;31m(rec) -hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com            -- mac algorithm to remove [0m
 [0;32m(rec) +rsa-sha2-256                         -- key algorithm to append [0m
 [0;32m(rec) +rsa-sha2-512                         -- key algorithm to append [0m
+[0;33m(rec) -chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com        -- enc algorithm to remove [0m
 [0;33m(rec) -diffie-hellman-group14-sha256        -- kex algorithm to remove [0m
 [0;33m(rec) -hmac-sha2-256                        -- mac algorithm to remove [0m
 [0;33m(rec) -hmac-sha2-512                        -- mac algorithm to remove [0m
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test3.json
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test3.json
@ -38,6 +38,9 @@
                "info": [
                    "default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9",
                    "available since OpenSSH 6.5"
+                ],
+                "warn": [
+                    "vulnerable to the Terrapin attack (CVE-2023-48795), allowing message prefix truncation"
                ]
            }
        },
@ -184,6 +187,16 @@
                    }
                ]
            }
+        },
+        "warning": {
+            "del": {
+                "enc": [
+                    {
+                        "name": "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com",
+                        "notes": ""
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
        }
    },
    "target": "localhost:2222"
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test3.txt
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/openssh_8.0p1_test3.txt
@ -22,8 +22,9 @@
 [0;32m(key) ssh-ed25519                           -- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5[0m

 [0;36m# encryption algorithms (ciphers)[0m
-[0;32m(enc) chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com         -- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5[0m
-[0;32m                                            `- [info] default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9[0m
+[0;33m(enc) chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com         -- [warn] vulnerable to the Terrapin attack (CVE-2023-48795), allowing message prefix truncation[0m
+                                            `- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5
+                                            `- [info] default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9
 [0;32m(enc) aes256-gcm@openssh.com                -- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.2[0m
 [0;32m(enc) aes128-gcm@openssh.com                -- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.2[0m
 [0;32m(enc) aes256-ctr                            -- [info] available since OpenSSH 3.7, Dropbear SSH 0.52[0m
@ -43,4 +44,8 @@
 [0;32m(rec) +diffie-hellman-group18-sha512        -- kex algorithm to append [0m
 [0;32m(rec) +rsa-sha2-256                         -- key algorithm to append [0m
 [0;32m(rec) +rsa-sha2-512                         -- key algorithm to append [0m
+[0;33m(rec) -chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com        -- enc algorithm to remove [0m
+
+[0;36m# additional info[0m
+[0;33m(nfo) For hardening guides on common OSes, please see: <https://www.ssh-audit.com/hardening_guides.html>[0m

--- a/test/docker/expected_results/tinyssh_20190101_test1.json
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/tinyssh_20190101_test1.json
@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
                "info": [
                    "default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9",
                    "available since OpenSSH 6.5"
+                ],
+                "warn": [
+                    "vulnerable to the Terrapin attack (CVE-2023-48795), allowing message prefix truncation"
                ]
            }
        }
--- a/test/docker/expected_results/tinyssh_20190101_test1.txt
+++ b/test/docker/expected_results/tinyssh_20190101_test1.txt
@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 [0;32m(key) ssh-ed25519                             -- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5[0m

 [0;36m# encryption algorithms (ciphers)[0m
-[0;32m(enc) chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com           -- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5[0m
-[0;32m                                              `- [info] default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9[0m
+[0;33m(enc) chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com           -- [warn] vulnerable to the Terrapin attack (CVE-2023-48795), allowing message prefix truncation[0m
+                                              `- [info] available since OpenSSH 6.5
+                                              `- [info] default cipher since OpenSSH 6.9

 [0;36m# message authentication code algorithms[0m
 [0;33m(mac) hmac-sha2-256                           -- [warn] using encrypt-and-MAC mode[0m